What does the term "toning" refer to in coloring?

Toning specifically refers to the process of adjusting the undertones of colored hair. This technique is commonly utilized after a hair lightening procedure to neutralize unwanted brassy or warm tones that may have developed during the coloring process. Toners are often used to achieve a more desired shade by adding specific pigments, helping to create the perfect hue that complements the client's skin tone and desired look.

In the context of coloring techniques, toning is distinct from enhancing shine, which focuses primarily on the hair's surface appearance. Additionally, while applying a base color before highlights is a step in the overall coloring process, it does not involve the adjustment of existing color undertones. Creating a gradient effect, often associated with techniques like balayage, is a method of application and does not relate directly to toning. Thus, the definition of toning is centered around color correction and refinement, making it a crucial concept in the hair coloring process.